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Pfizer Incorporated (nyse|PFE) is a outstanding pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales. The company is based in New York Burg. It produces the number-one selling drug Lipitor (atorvastatin, used to lower blood cholesterol); the neuropathic bore/fibromyalgia drug Lyrica (pregabalin); the oral antifungal medication Diflucan (fluconazole), the yearn-acting antibiotic Zithromax (azithromycin), the well-known erectile dysfunction cure Viagra (sildenafil citrate), and the anti inflammatory Celebrex (celecoxib) (also known as Celebra in some countries surface USA and Canada, mainly in South America).

Pfizer's shares were made a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Norm on April 8 , 2004 .

With 2006 actual spending of $7.65 billion in research & unfolding (R&D), Pfizer boasts the industry's largest pharmaceutical R&D organization: Pfizer Epidemic Research and Development.

History

Pfizer is named after German-American cousins Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhardt who launched their chemicals firm Charles Pfizer and Company from a building at the intersection of Harrison Avenue and Barlett Suiting someone to a T in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in 1849. There, they produced an antiparasitic called santonin. This was an nearby success, although it was the production of citric acid that really kick-started Pfizer's spread in the 1880s. Pfizer continued to buy property to expand its lab and factory on the block bounded by Bartlett Alley; Harrison Avenue; Gerry Street; and Flushing Avenue. That facility is that time utilized for backshop purposes. Pfizer established its original administrative headquarters at 81 Maiden Lane in Manhattan.

By 1910, sales totaled just about $3 million, and Pfizer became established as an expert in fermentation technology. These skills were applied to the foregather production of penicillin during World War II, in response to an appeal from the U.S. government. The antibiotic was urgently needed to bonus injured Allied soldiers, and it soon became known as "the miracle drug". In factors, most of the penicillin that went ashore with the troops on D-Day was made by Pfizer.

By the 1950s, Pfizer was established in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Iran, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Turkey and the Concerted Kingdom.

During the 1980s and 1990s Pfizer underwent a period of growth unremitting by the discovery and marketing of multiple successful drugs (Zoloft, Lipitor, Norvasc, Zithromax, Aricept, Diflucan, Viagra).

Corporate Shape

Current members of the board of directors of Pfizer are: Michael S. Brown, M. Anthony Burns, Robert Burt, Don Cornwell, William H. Gray, Constance Horner, William Howell, Stanley Ikenberry, Jeff Kindler (chairman), George Lorch, Dana Mead, Ruth J. Simmons, and William Steere.

• Chief Mr Big Officer (CEO): Jeff Kindler
• Vice Chairman: David L. Shedlarz
• President of Worldwide Pharmaceutical Operations: Ian Infer from
• President of Global R&D: Martin Mackay
• 2007 Pharmacist of the Year: Mike Militello, Pharm.D., BCPS

Pfizer is organized into four divisions: Vulnerable Health ($44.28B in 2005 sales), Consumer Healthcare ($3.87B in 2005 sales), Animalistic Health ($2.2B in 2005 sales), and Corporate Groups (which includes acceptable, finance, and HR). On June 26, 2006, Pfizer announced that it would sell its Consumer Healthcare item (famous for well-known brands like Listerine, Nicorette, Visine, Sudafed and Neosporin) to Johnson & Johnson for $16.6B.

Merging and acquisition activity

Pfizer was relatively conservative with regard to mega-mergers from stem to stern stock-for-stock transactions through most of its history until 2000. In that year, William Steere retired from the flock and was succeeded by Henry McKinnell. As can be noted with any stock analysis tool, Pfizer's per helping price (adjusted for splits) went from about $50 to $30 from 1999 to 2006 during McKinnell's tenantry. With roughly 7 billion shares outstanding, this reflects a loss in value of $140 billion answerable to McKinnell's leadership pursuing a strategy of growth via stock for stock acquisition. Assorted industry analysts, however, criticize McKinnell for diluting shareholder value with these overpriced stock-for-stock acquisitions that obviously paid a premium for the underlying value of the acquired entourage. Furthermore, internal contributions to the pipeline did not replace declining value nor did these M&A activities. McKinnell received enumerate compensation which he staunchly defended against critics.

Warner-Lambert / Parke-Davis / Agouron

In 2000, Pfizer merged with Warner-Lambert and acquired consumed rights to Lipitor (atorvastatin), the blockbuster statin previously jointly marketed by Warner-Lambert and Pfizer. Warner-Lambert was based in Morris Plains, New Jersey, where departed headquarters became a major base of operations for Pfizer. The majority of the facility, and Pfizer's consumer healthcare rely on, was sold to Johnson and Johnson in 2006 for $16.6 billion dollars.

Parke-Davis was acquired by Warner-Lambert in 1970, which in course was bought by Pfizer in 2000. The headquarters of Parke-Davis was sold several years ago. The Parke-Davis investigating facilities in Ann Arbor, Michigan are planned to close in 2008.

Agouron Pharmaceuticals was acquired by Warner Lambert in 1999 and is now a subsidiary of Pfizer. Nelfinavir (Viracept), an antiretroviral remedy used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was developed by Agouron Pharmaceuticals as side of a joint venture with Japan Tobacco, Inc.

Pharmacia / Upjohn / Searle

Searle was founded in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1888. The falter was Gideon Daniel Searle. In 1908, the company was incorporated in Chicago. In 1941, the following established headquarters in Skokie, Illinois. It was acquired by the Monsanto company, headquartered in St. Louis, in 1985.

The Upjohn Circle was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Kalamazoo, Michigan by Dr. William E. Upjohn, an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical dogma. The company was originally formed to make friable pills, which were specifically designed to be effortlessly digested.

In 1995, Upjohn merged with Pharmacia AB, to form Pharmacia & Upjohn. Pharmacia was created in April 2000 Sometimes non-standard due to the merger of Pharmacia & Upjohn with the Monsanto Company and its G.D. Searle unit. The merged institution was based in Peapack, New Jersey. The agricultural division was spun off from Pharmacia, as Monsanto, in preparation for the thick as thieves of the acquisition by Pfizer.

In 2002, Pfizer bought Pharmacia, a competitor, to become the largest pharmaceutical party in the world. The merger was again driven in part by the desire to acquire full rights to a blockbuster by-product, this time Celebrex (celecoxib), the COX-2 selective inhibitor previously jointly marketed by Searle (acquired by Pharmacia) and Pfizer.

SUGEN

SUGEN , customarily written with brill letters, was founded in 1991 in Redwood City, California, as a partnership between the laboratories of Joseph Schlessinger at New York University Medical Instruct and Axel Ullrich at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, with Steven Evans-Freke as a third co-initiator. The name, SUGEN, comes from combining the first "S" in Schlessinger followed by the "U" in Ullrich with "GEN", which is a commonly hand-me-down suffix for biotech companies (short for "GENetics"). The focus of the enterprise was to appear drugs targeting intracellular signaling pathways to treat cancer. Specifically, the Pty sought to discover competitive ATP small-molecule kinase inhibitors which would hamper common cancer pathways. Pharmacia acquired SUGEN in 1999, which merged with the pharmaceutical separation of Monsanto in 2000 and was purchased by Pfizer in 2003. In 1999 Pharmacia took two of SUGEN's compounds into man in colon cancer clinical trials: SU5416 (Semaxanib) and SU6668; the trials were discontinued, but both of these compounds were in the series that sooner led to SU11248. SUGEN's laboratories were closed in 2003 as part of the reorganization following Pfizer's hold of Pharmacia. From the acquisition, SUGEN compounds SU11248 and SU14813 entered Pfizer's conduit. SU11248 was approved by the FDA for treatment of GIST and RCC cancers, in January of 2006, and is now marketed as Sutent (sunitinib).

Products

Pfizer manufactures pharmaceutical medications and has an annual output marketing budget of $3 billion, which was the fourth-largest in the U.S. as of 2003. Pfizer employs 38,000 sales representatives worldwide.

In 2004, Pfizer’s Zoloft sales totaled $3.15 billion, contributing to 6.5% of Pfizer’s unconditional revenue for 2004 and making it one of 19 drugs that generated more than $2 billion in revenues in the Connected States. In 2005, Zoloft sales totaled $3.5 billion, helping to assign Pfizer one of the biggest drug makers in the world with approximately $51.3 billion in gate for 2005. In 2005 Pfizer Inc. spent $7.4 billion on research and development, making Pfizer Broad Research and Development the largest pharmaceutical research and development organization.

On September 24 , 2007 , Pfizer Inc. announced that the European Commission approved Celsentri (generic popularity, maraviroc and as Selzentry in the United States). Industry experts did forecast annual Celsentri sales of $500 million by 2011.

Situation of Torcetrapib

Development of torcetrapib, a drug that increases production of HDL, or "good cholesterol", which reduces LDL tenderness to be correlated to heart disease, was cancelled on Saturday, December 2nd, 2006. The reason being that during a clinical misery test that involved 15,000 patients, more patients than expected died as a denouement of taking the medicine. A 60% increase in deaths was observed among patients winning torcetrapib and Lipitor versus taking Lipitor alone; there was no suggestion that the results called into query the safety of Lipitor. Pfizer has lost nearly $1 billion in investments on the failed treatment, and December has seen the stocks and market value of the company plummet.

Pharmaceuticals

The following is a shopping list of key prescription pharmaceutical products. The names shown are all registered trademarks of Pfizer Inc.

• Accupril
• Aricept
• Aromasin
• Bextra
• Caduet
• Camptosar
• Celebrex
• Chantix
• Depo-Medrol
• Solu-Medrol
• Depo Provera
• Diflucan
• Ellence
• Eraxis
• Exubera
• Flagyl
• Genotropin
• Geodon
• Inspra
• Lipitor
• Lyrica
• Macugen
• Norvasc
• Neurontin
• Rebif
• Relpax
• Rescriptor
• Selzentry
• Somavert
• Sutent
• Spiriva HandiHaler
• Tikosyn
• Vfend
• Viagra
• Viracept
• Xalatan
• Xanax
• Xanax XR
• Zithromax
• Zoloft
• Zyrtec
• Zyvox

Animal trim brands

The following is a partial list of Animal Health brands manufactured by Pfizer:

• Bovi-Guard Gold
• Cerenia
• Dectomax
• Draxxin
• Excede
• Excenel
• Inovocox
• Mycitracin
• Pirsue
• A180
• Coup d' Pet Medicine
• Rimadyl
• Simplicef
• Slentrol
• Solitude IGR
• Spectramast
• Stellamune
• Stronghold

Legislation and legal remedy

Pfizer is party to a number of suits stemming from companies it has acquired or merged with, including asbestos suit as well as litigation stemming from its medicinal products.

Kelo case

Pfizer's partisan in obtaining property in New London, Connecticut for expanded facilities led to the Kelo v. New London happening before the U.S. Supreme Court.

Quigley Co.

Pfizer acquired Quigley in 1968, and the diremption sold asbestos-containing insulation products until the early 1970s. Asbestos victims and Pfizer suffer with been negotiating a settlement deal which calls for Pfizer to pay $430 million to 80 percent of existing plaintiffs. It choose also place an additional $535 million into an asbestos settlement guardianship that will compensate future plaintiffs as well as the remaining 20 percent of going round plaintiffs with claims against Pfizer and Quigley. The compensation deal is importance $965 million all up.Of that $535 million, $405 million is in a 40-year note from Pfizer, while $100 million wishes come from insurance policies.

www.quigleyreorg.com

Bjork-Shiley heart valve

Pfizer purchased Shiley in 1979 at the hit of its Convexo-Concave valve ordeal, involving the Bjork-Shiley heart valve. About 500 people died when defective valves failed and, in 1994, the Opinion States ruled against Pfizer for ~$200 million.

Tort Reform Legislation Contributions

Pfizer proposed a ban on all lawsuits against manufacturers of portion implant parts which was proposed in the United States Congress as part of tort reorganize legislation.

Off-label promotional practices

Access to pharmaceutical industry documents has revealed marketing strategies acclimated to to promote Neurontin for off-label use. In 1993, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved gabapentin (Neurontin, Pfizer) solely for treatment of seizures. Warner-Lambert, which merged with Pfizer in 2000, Euphemistic pre-owned activities not usually associated with sales promotion, including continuing medical tuition and research, sponsored articles about the drug for the medical literature, and alleged silencing of unfavorable study results, to promote gabapentin. Within 5 years the drug was being generally used for the off-label treatment of pain and psychiatric conditions. In 2004, Warner-Lambert admitted to charges that it violated FDA regulations by promoting the opiate for pain, psychiatric conditions, migraine, and other unapproved uses, and paid $430 million to resolve sinful and civil health care liability charges.

Nigeria

In 1996 a meningitis wide-ranging hit Nigeria. Pfizer agreed to help Nigeria treat the epidemic using drugs known to medicate meningitis such as: vancomycin, meropenem, chloramphenicol, and ceftriaxone. Pfizer unambiguous to run an experimental test study on their new drug, Trovan. According to The American, Trovan was an vocalized formulation expected to cure meningitis in five days. Two hundred children were selected at arbitrarily. One hundred of those children were given Trovan and the other one hundred were accepted the agreed upon drugs. Five children died from the Trovan troupe and many others suffered either/or muteness, deafness, blindness, and/or other somatic impairments. Six children died in the control group. Pfizer claims to have gotten viva voce approval from the parents. According to The West Africa Review, the Nigerian regulation calls this exploitation of ignorance since the translators never told the parents the contradictory sides of Trovan or that Trovan was for the first time being tested. Juan Walterspiel, a condition specialist for Pfizer wrote a public statement claiming that Trovan was not tested for its over-sensitivity before the first child was tested. The kids were put in a life or death employment. Walterspiel was soon fired afterwards. In 2005, Nigeria brought Pfizer to irritation in New York, but the judge dismissed the case stating that it should be heard in Nigeria (All Africa Broad Media). In June 2007, the federal government of Nigeria and the state government of Kano (where the Trovan trial was done) individually sued Pfizer for the 1996 experimental drug test (All Africa Pandemic Media). The federal government is suing for $7 billion dollars in damages. Kano Position government is suing for $2.75 billion damages. The Nigerian Federal Government anyway a lest was postponed to November 6 because the doctors involved in the study failed to appear for the pest. The Kano State government’s trial was set in Kano (the city) for July but was pushed retire from to October and again pushed back to December 5 so Pfizer’s lawyers could “upon oneself their duties”.

Research and development

Pfizer's human research and development institution is headquartered in New London, CT while their animal health research and development assembly is headquartered in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The company has R&D labs in the following locations: Groton, Connecticut; Sandwich, England; Nagoya, Japan; Amboise, France; La Jolla, California; Cambridge, Massachusetts; Kalamazoo, Michigan; St. Louis, Missouri.

In 2004, Pfizer invested $7.68 billion in analyse and development, the largest investment in R&D by private biomedical research organization.

In 2007, Pfizer announced plans to fusty or sell on the Loughbeg API facility, located at Loughbeg, Ringaskiddy Co.Cork Ireland by mid to end of 2008

In 2007, Pfizer announced plans to from beginning to end close the Ann Arbor, Nagoya and Amboise Research facilities by the end of 2008, eliminating 2,160 jobs and idling the $300-million dollar Michigan the Ladies', which had seen millions of dollars of expansion in recent years.

On June 18th, 2007 Pfizer announced it require move the Sandwich, England Animal Health Research (VMRD) division to Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Environmental Narrate

In short, Pfizer is not environmentally friendly at all. According to the EPA, Pfizer is among the top ten companies in America with the most numerous emissions sources. Also, the EPA ranked them extent the top ten companies in America with the highest volume of emissions sources. Their 70-acre flower in New London, Connecticut, is home to a 20-acre landfill and two wastewater lagoons, adding to fouling in the area. According to the EPA, Pfizer is a main threat to the health of the residents and the environment of the New London arrondissement because of its toxic emissions into the air and water. The EPA has cited Pfizer on multiple occasions for felonious discharges into the Thames River and for hazardous waste violations on site. In adding, in June 2002, Pfizer was responsible for a chemical explosion that injured seven people and caused the evacuation of to 100 homes in the surrounding area.

Employment & Diversity

Pfizer received a 100% rating on the Corporate Comparison Index released by the Human Rights Campaign starting in 2004, the third year of the dispatch. In 2007, Pfizer's Canadian division was named one of Canada's Top 100 Employers, as published in Maclean's arsenal, the only research-based pharmaceutical company to receive this honor.

AIDS involvement

Pfizer has been enmeshed with in controversies over the medicine Diflucan (generic name fluconazole). In 1998, a stump by Thai public health groups led to the elimination of the Pfizer monopoly on selling fluconazole in Thailand, and the evaluation of the antifungal drug decreased from 200 baht to 6.5 baht in nine months, exceedingly expanding access to the medicine for AIDS patients. Faced with pressure for compulsory licenses to the Pfizer manifest on this drug, Pfizer later established a program for limited access to the panacea in Africa.

"In the United States, 46 percent of all new HIV/AIDS cases occur in the South. From 2003–2006 the Pfizer Inauguration has funded 23 innovative HIV/AIDS prevention programs and strengthened the capacity of community-based organizations to reach and to their communities." Since 2003, Pfizer has committed a $3 Million donation toward supporting the Southern HIV/AIDS Prevention Initiative.

However, there are criticisms of the way Pfizer is testing its AIDS medication. "The European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG), collection of activists from 31 European Countries, said the contrive of the trial for Pfizer's CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc (previously known as UK-427,857) is putting people with HIV infection at supererogatory risk of developing AIDS."

On June 20 , 2007 Maraviroc received an approvable letter from the FDA counselling board. The letter was a product of expedited review of the novel HIV compound.

In 2001, Pfizer asked the U.S. direction to pressure the Brazilian government against issuing compulsory licenses for the patents on the AIDS knock out nelfinavir.

AIDS Drugs Manufactured by Pfizer

• Viracept (nelfinavir mesylate)
• Selzentry/Celsentri (maraviroc)
• Rescriptor (delavirdine mesylate)

See also

• Viking Bjork

Notes and references

1. ^ "Pfizer 4Q Profit Falls but Beats Observe" . http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/01/23/ap4565943.html . Retrieved on 2008-02-14 .  
2. ^ http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical
3. ^ ^{a b} Kenneth T. Jackson: The Encyclopedia of New York Municipality : The New York Historical Society; Yale University Press; 1995. P. 895.
4. ^ "Johnson & Johnson to Buy Pfizer Part". MoneyNews.com. June 26, 2006 . http://www.newsmax.com/money/archives/articles/2006/6/26/082230.cfm . Retrieved on 2007-07-19 .  
5. ^ Pfizer (2003). Annual Judgement 2003. Annual Report.
6. ^ Schlessinger, Joseph (2005). "SU11248: Genesis of a New Cancer Sedate". The Scientist 19 (7):17-24. (subscription required)
7. ^ "Pfizer Facts". Businessweek.com. February 28, 2005 . http://www.businessweek.com/journal/content/05_09/b3922004_mz001.htm . Retrieved on 2006-05-15 .  
8. ^ Sciencemag.org
9. ^ Pfizer homepage
10. ^ Protector report
11. ^ Reuters, Europe gives final approval to Pfizer HIV drug
12. ^ New York Times account
13. ^ Berenson, Alex (December 3, 2006). "Pfizer Ends Studies on Drug for Humanitarianism Diseas". The New York Times . http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/health/03pfizer.html?_r=1&th&emc=th&oref=slogin . Retrieved on 2006-12-03 .  
14. ^ Theresa Agovino (Associated Crush) (December 3, 2006). "Pfizer ends cholesterol drug development". Yahoo! Tidings . http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20061203/ap_on_he_me/pfizer_cholesterol_drug_5&printer=1 . Retrieved on 2006-12-03 .   Each ruminate on arm (torcetrapib + Lipitor vs. Lipitor alone) had 7500 patients enrolled; 51 deaths were observed in the Lipitor solely arm, while 82 deaths occurred in the torcetrapib + Lipitor arm.
15. ^ "Prescription Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Well-being Care (Over-the-Counter) Products by Pfizer". Pfizer Inc . http://www.pfizer.com/do/measure.html . Retrieved on 2005-03-27 .  
16. ^ Michael A. Steinman, MD; Lisa A. Bero, PhD; Mary-Margaret Chren, MD; and C. Seth Landefeld, MD (2006). "Chronicling Review: The Promotion of Gabapentin: An Analysis of Internal Industry Documents". Annals of Internal Remedy 145 (4): 284-293 . http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/145/4/284 . Retrieved on 2006-08-14 .  
17. ^ Jane E. Henney, MD (2006). "Essay: Safeguarding Patient Welfare: Who's In Charge?". Annals of Internal Drug 145 (4): 305-307 . http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/145/4/305?etoc . Retrieved on 2006-08-14 .  
18. ^ US Worry of Justice Press Release: Warner-Lambert to pay $430 million to convert into criminal and civil health care liability charges Retrieved 14 August 2006
19. ^ Pfizer's cuts blindside Ann Arbor workers, Kalamazoo Gazette, Sunday, January 23, 2007.
20. ^ http://www.kld.com/newsletter/Newsline/0705Newsline/0705KLDResearch.html
21. ^ http://www.kld.com/newsletter/Newsline/0705Newsline/0705KLDResearch.html
22. ^ http://yosemite.epa.gov/R1/npl_pad.nsf/31c4fec03a0762d285256bb80076489c/4114c04f6accd97685256b4200605b03!OpenDocument
23. ^ http://www.toxicsaction.org/dirtydozen_conn2002.htm
24. ^ http://www.toxicsaction.org/dirtydozen_conn2002.htm
25. ^ http://www.toxicsaction.org/dirtydozen_conn2002.htm
26. ^ "Reasons for Choice, 2007 Canada's Top 100 Employers" . http://www.eluta.ca/einfo?en=Pfizer+Canada+Inc.&ri=6a24852a7f1d493ca1615bbec1e4e6aa&rk=2530d7bedc69eed8a38cea9bbe668b30 . post date category title/description 03.23.2009 Articles Zyvox Buy 03.23.2009 Articles Zyvox Shopping 06.08.2009 Articles Zyvox Prescribing Purchase 06.08.2009 Articles Zyvox Order 03.23.2009 Articles Zyvox Online Cheap Canada

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